တနသၤာရီၿမိဳ႕သည္ ေရွးေဟာင္း ကမာၻ႕ ေရေၾကာင္း ဆိပ္ကမ္းၿမိဳ႕တၿမိဳ႕ မွန္နန္းရာဇဝင္၊ ေရွးေဟာင္းတရုပ္မွတ္တမ္းမ်ားႏွင့္ အေနာက္ဥေရာပမွတ္တမ္းမ်ားက အႀကိမ္ႀကိမ္
မွတ္တမ္း တင္ခံရေသာ ေရွးေဟာင္းၿမိဳ႕တၿမိဳ႕ျဖစ္ပါသည္။
၁၅၀၅-၁၅၀၆ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ တနသာၤရီၿမိဳက သို႔ေရာက္ရွိခဲ႔ေသာ အီတလီ စာေရးဆရာ ဝါေသးမာ သည္တနသၤာရီ ေဒသ၏ ေဒသံသယေတြ႕ရွိခ်က္မ်ားႏွင္ တသၤာရီ
အိႏၵိယဆက္ဆံေရးကုိပါ မွတ္တမ္းတင္ခဲ႔ရာ လြန္စြာစိတ္ဝင္စားဘြယ္ရာေကာင္းေသာ ပထဝီဝင္၊ သမိုင္း၊ စီးပြါးေရး၊ ႏုိင္ငံေရး၊ လူမႈေရးႏွင့္ ယဥ္ေက်းမႈဓေလ႔ထံုးစံမ်ားကုိ
တေစ႔တေစာင္း ေလ႔လာမွတ္သားႏိုင္ရန္ ကူးယူ ဘာသာျပန္ထားပါသည္။
''ေအဒီ ၁၅ ရာစုအတြင္းတနသာၤရီဟာ အေရွ႕ေတာင္အာရွေဒသ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံရဲ႕အေရးပါတဲ့ကုန္သြယ္ေရးဆိပ္ကမ္းၿမိဳ႕တၿမိဳ႕ျဖစ္ခဲ့တယ္လို႕ ဒီကြန္တီ ကေရးခဲ့တယ္။ ေအဒီ ၁၆
ရာစုႏွစ္အစမွာလည္း အီတလီစာေရးဆရာ ဝါေသးမာ ကလည္း ခရီးသြားမွတ္တမ္း ေရးခဲ့တယ္။ ဒါေတြကေတာ့......
'' ဒီေဒသဟာ ပင္လယ္ကမ္းအနီးတြင္ရွိသည္။ တနသာၤရီဘုရင္ႀကီးသည္ စာေရးဆရာ၏ ဘာသာႏွင့္မတူေသာ ဘာသာျခားဘုရင္တပါးျဖစ္သည္။
တနသာၤရီမွ လာေသာ ျငဳပ္ေကာင္း၊သစ္ၾကပုိး၊ေလးညွင္း၊ဇာတိပၹိဳလ္သီး-ပြင့္၊ galangal (ပတဲေကာႀကီး) ၊ တို႔ကုိစားသံုးကုန္အျဖစ္အသံုးျပဳတယ္။ဒါေပမဲ့ ပရုပ္ကုိမသံုးၾကပါ။ဒီေနရာက
အိႏၵိယရဲ႕ ဟငး္ခတ္အေမြးႀကိဳင္ ပထမေစ်းကြက္ တကယ္ျဖစ္ခဲ့တယ္။ A.D 1505-1506 ခုႏွစ္ေလာက္မွာ ျမန္မာတျပည္လံုးရဲ႕ မွတ္တမ္းကုိ ေရးသားသည့္အထဲမွာ
သီးျခား လာေရာက္လည္ပတ္တဲ့ အီတလီႏိုင္ငံသား Bologna ဇာတိျဖစ္တဲ့ လူဒိုဗိကုိ ဒီ ဝါေသးမ က တနသာၤရီအေၾကာင္းကုိ အထူးတလည္ ထုတ္ေဖၚေျပာဆိုခဲ့တယ္။ အိႏၵိယေတာင္ဘက္ပုိငး္ရွိ ကုိလိုမင္ဒယ္ လို႔ေခၚတဲ့ ဆိပ္ကမ္းတခုမွာ တသာၤရီအေၾကာင္းကုိ ၾကားခဲ့ရပါတယ္။ တနသၤာရီဘုရင္ႏွင့္ ျပည္သူေတြကုိ စစ္ပြဲတခုမွာ ေတြ႕ခဲ႔ရတယ္၊ အိႏၵိယေတာင္ပုိင္းမွာရွိတဲ့ ပူလီကပ္ ကုိတုိက္ခိုက္ေအာင္ျမင္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ တိုက္ပြဲရဲ႕ရလဒ္ကေတာ့ စီလြန္ ႏွင့္ ပဲခူးမွ လာၾကတဲ့သူေတြက ေရာင္းကုန္ေတြအတြက္ အကန္႔အသတ္မရွိ
ကုန္ကူးသန္းေရာင္းဝယ္မႈ အခြင့္လမ္းႏွင့္အတူ အထူး ရတနာေရာင္းဝယ္ေရးကုန္းသြယ္မႈကုိ ရခဲ့တယ္။
စာေရးသူက ပူရီကတ္မွ မိုင္တေထာင္ေဝးတဲ့ တနသာၤရီၿမိဳ႕ကုိ ေရလမ္းျဖင့္သြားခဲ့တယ္၊ ၁၄ ရက္ၾကာတဲ့အခါမွာ တနသာၤရီၿမိဳ႕ကုိေရာက္ခဲ့တယ္။
တနသာၤရီၿမိဳ႕ဟာ ပင္လယ္ျပင္အနီးတြင္ရွိတယ္၊ ေရေျမခံေကာင္းတယ္၊ သေဘာၤဆိပ္ကမ္းေကာင္းရွိတယ္၊ ေျမာက္ဖက္သို႔စီးေနေသာ ျမစ္တစင္းရွိတယ္၊ ဘုရင္ႀကီးသည္
ရုပ္တုကုိးကြယ္သူျဖစ္တယ္၊ အလြန္ တန္းခိုးအင္အားႏွင့္ ျပည္စံုသူျဖစ္တယ္၊ သူသည္ အိႏၵိယေတာင္ပုိင္း ဘုရင္ခံ ဘာစီယာနာဂါ ၏လက္ေအာင္ခံျဖစ္ေသာ ပူလီကပ္ဘုရင္
နာဆင္းဂါး ႏွင့္ အၿမဲစစ္ျဖစ္ေနေလ့ရွိတယ္၊ထို႔အျပင္ ဘဂၤလားဘုရင္ ဘင္ဟာလာႏွင့္လည္း စစ္ျဖစ္ေနတယ္။ သူ႔တြင္လက္နက္မ်ား တပ္ဆင္ထားေသာ စစ္ ဆင္ ေပါင္း တစ္ရာ
ရွိတယ္၊ ဤမွ် ႀကီးမားေသာဆင္ကုိမျမင္ဖူးေသးပါ၊ တနသာၤရီဘုရင္ႀကီးသည္ ျမင္းတပ္ႏွင့္ ေျခလ်င္တပ္သားမ်ား အပါအဝင္ စစ္အင္အား တသိန္းကုိ အၿမဲတမ္းဖြဲ႕ထားတယ္၊ သူတို႔၏
လက္နက္မ်ားမွာ ဓါးႏွင့္ ကာျဖစ္တယ္၊ အခ်ိဳ႕ ကာမ်ားမွာ လိပ္ခြံႏွင့္ လုပ္ထားတယ္၊ လွံမ်ား ေလးျမားမ်ားလည္း သံုးသည္၊ သစ္သား၊ ႀကိမ္ဝါးမ်ားႏွင့္လုပ္တယ္၊ စစ္ခ်ီေသာအခါ
ဂြမ္းမ်ားႏွင့္ လုပ္ထားေသာ စစ္ဝတ္စံုကုိ ဝတ္ၾကသည္။ သစ္ေကာင္း ဝါးေကာင္းမ်ား အလွ်ံပယ္ ရွိတယ္၊ အလြန္လွပေသာ ဥယ်ာဥ္ၿခံမ်ားကုိ ေတြ႕ရၿပီး၊ လွပေသာ ပန္းမာလ္မ်ားကုိ
ေတြ႕ရတယ္။
တနသာၤရီတြင္ ႏြား၊ သိုး၊ ဆိတ္၊ အေျမာက္အမ်ား ေမြးျမဴၾကတယ္၊ ဝက္၊ ဆတ္၊ သမင္၊ ဒရယ္၊ ဝံပုေလြ၊ ေခ်ငယ္၊ စုိင္၊ ဆတ္၊ ေတာေၾကာင္၊ ေၾကာင္န႔ံသာ၊ ျခေသ့ၤ၊ ေဒါင္း၊ စြန္ရဲ၊
သိမ္း၊ ၾကက္တူေရြးျဖဴ ၊ တျခား အေရာင္ ခုႏွစ္မိ်ဳးပါေသာ အလြန္လွပေသာ ၾကက္တူေရြးမ်ားလည္းရွိတယ္၊ ဒီေနရာမွာ ယုန္မ်ား ႏွင့္ ခါငွက္မ်ားရွိတယ္၊ ဒါေပမဲ့ ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို႕အီတလီႏွင့္ မတူဘူး၊ တျခားမ်ိဳးကြဲငွက္ ျဖစ္တဲ့ သိမ္းငွက္မ်ားက ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို႔ေနရာက သိမ္းငွက္ထက္ပုိႀကီးတာ ရွိေသးတယ္၊ ဒီငွက္ရဲ႕ အေပၚပုိင္းႏူတ္သီးက
ဒါးရွည္တေခ်ာင္းကဲ့သို႔ အသံုးဝင္ပါတယ္၊ သူတို႔ရဲ႕ႏူတ္သီးက အဝါေရာင္ႏွင့္ အနီေရာင္ေတြအျဖစ္ အလြန္လွပစြာ ေတြ႕ျမင္ႏိုင္ပါတယ္၊ အထက္ကေျပာခဲ့သလို ငွက္ေတြရဲ႕အေရာင္ေတြက အမဲေရာင္၊ အနီေရာင္၊ ႏွင့္ အခ်ိဳ႕အေမြးေတြက အျဖဴေရာင္ေတြျဖစ္တယ္၊ ၾကက္မေတြက ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို႕ျမင္ဘူးတာထက္ သံုးဆေလာက္
ပုိႀကီးမားလွတယ္၊
ၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္တြင္း ေနထုိင္စားေသာက္ၾကပံုကုိ ေျပာရလွ်င္ သူတို႕သည္အမဲသားမွ အပ၊ က်န္သားငါး အားလံုးကုိစားသည္၊ အလြန္လွပေသာ သစ္သား၊ ယြန္းခြက္၊ ပန္းကန္မ်ားႏွင့္
ၾကမ္းျပင္တြင္ ထုိင္စားၾကသည္။သူတို႕သည္ အခ်ိဳရည္ ဆမ္းထားေသာ အရည္ကုိ ေသာက္သည္၊ ေျမျပင္မွ အျမင့္ အိပ္ရာတြင္ ခ်ည္ပုိး အဝတ္မ်ားႏွင့္ ခင္ထားေသာ အိပ္ရာတြင္ အိပ္ၾကသည္၊ အခ်ိဳ႕ကုန္သည္မ်ားသည္ အလြန္လွပေသာ ခ်ည္ထည္၊ ပိုးထည္မ်ားျဖင့္ ျပဳလုပ္ေသာ ရွပ္အကၤ် ီကုိ ဝတ္ၾကသည္၊ မ်ားေသာအားျဖင့္ ဖိနပ္မစီးၾကပါ၊ နားတြင္ ရတနာ အျပည္အစံု ပန္ဆင္ၾကသည္။ တစ္စံုတစ္ေယာက္မွ် လက္စြပ္အျဖစ္္ ရတနာေတြဝတ္တာ မျမင္ရပါဘူး၊ တနသာၤရီသားတို႕သည္ အသားလတ္သည္၊ ကာလီကပ္ထက္
ရာသီဥတုေအးေသာေၾကာင့္ အသားလတ္ၾကျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။
သူတို႔၏စာ ေရးသာပံုမွာ ကြ်ႏု္ပ္တို႕ကဲ့သုိ႕စကၠဴေပၚတြင္ေရးသည္၊ ကာလီကပ္မွာကဲ့သို႕ သစ္ပင္ကသစ္ရြက္ေတြႏွင့္ ေရးတာမဟုတ္ပါဘူး ၊ သူတို႕သည္ အမႈအခင္းျဖစ္လာလွ်င္ ဘုရင္ခံထံ သြားၾကသည္၊ ဘုရင္ခံက အမႈအခင္းကုိ လ်င္စြာ ေျဖရွင္းေပးသည္။ သူတို႔သည္ သေဘာၤအမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးကုိသံုးၾကသည္ အလြန္ႀကီးေသာ သေဘာၤမ်ားလည္းရွိသည္၊ ဝမ္းက်ယ္ၿပီး ျပားေသာသေဘာၤမ်ားကုိလည္းသံုးသည္၊ ေရငယ္ေရတိမ္ ပုိင္းတြင္ သြားလာႏိုင္ေစရန္ျဖစ္သည္၊ တျခားအမ်ိဳးစားမွာ ေလွဦးေခါင္းပုိင္းႏွင့္ ေလွပဲ့ပုိင္းကုိ ပံုစံတူ
တည္ေဆာက္ထားၿပီး တက္မ ႏွစ္ခုႏွင့္ ရြတ္တိုင္ ႏွစ္တိုင္ပါရွိတယ္၊ ကုနး္ပတ္ အဖံုးမပါရွိပါ။
Old Burma by U Myo Min,Hanthawaddy Publication 1947, Page 15,16,17 မွ ကူူးယူ ဘာသာျပန္ထားပါသည္။
ဝန္ခံခ်က္။ ။ ဘာသာျပန္ရာတြင္ ေဒါက္တာ ခင္ေမာင္ညြန္႕၏ ခရီးသြားစာေပ စာအုပ္ထဲမွ တခ်ိဳ႕ကုိမွီျငမ္းထားပါသည္။ ၊ ၎ဘာသာျပန္မႈတြင္ လိုအပ္ေနပါက Tanantharyi Page ဝိုင္းေတာ္သားမ်ား၏အားနည္းခ်က္သာျဖစ္ေၾကာင္းႏွင့္ tanintharyi2012@gmail.com ေမးသို႔စာပုိ႔ၿပီး ထပ္ဆင္႕ ျဖည့္စြက္ အႀကံေပးႏိုင္ပါသည္။
ေအာက္တြင္ အဂၤလိပ္ မူရင္းအတိုင္းေဖၚျပထားပါသည္။
Old Burma
TENASSERIM AND PEGU
Tenasserim seems to have grown in importance during the 15th century as a sea port of south-east Burma, as it is mentioned by a Muslim contemporary of di Conti, as well as by an Italian writer, who wrote at the beginning of the 16th century that
"this place, though on the coast, is on the mainland. The king is a Gentile, and from there come pepper, cinnamon, cloves, macenutmeg, galanga, camphor that is eaten and camphor that is not eaten... This is indeed the first mart of spices in India.
Another Italian visitor, a native of Bologna called Ludovico di Varthema, also makes special mention of Tenasserim. He seems to have been in Burma round about 1505-1506. He heard of Tenasserim while still in India. At "Coromandel", a port in southern India, he found the people "at war with the King of
Tanasserim." When he got to Pulicat (in southern India), he found "an immense traffice in merchandise, and especially in jewels, for they come here from Zailon (Ceylon) and from Pego (Pegu)"
He went to "the city of Tarnassary" which was "distant a thousand miles from Pulicat." He arrived at Tenasserim after fourteen days, at sea, and this is what he says of the city:
"The city of Tarnassari is situated near to the sea: it is a level place and well watered, and has a good port, that is, a river on the side towards the north.
The king of the city is a pagan, and is a very powerful lord. He is constantly fighting with the king of Narsingha (the southern Indian kingdom of Vizianagar, of Banghella (Bengal;. He has a hundred armed elephants, which are larger then any I ever saw. He always maintains 100,000 men for war, part infantry and part cavalry. Their arms consist of small swords and some sort of shields, some of which are made of tortoiseshell. They have a great quantity of bows, and lances of cane, and some also of wood. When they go to war they wear a dress stuffed very full of cotton.
The houses of the city are well surrounded by walls.Good grain and cotton also grow there. Silk is also made there in large quantities. A great deal of brazil-wood is found there, fruits in great abundance. And here are seen very beautiful gardens, with many delicate things in them.
In this country of Tarnassari there are oxen, cows, sheep, and goats in great quantities, wild hogs, stags, roebucks, wolves, cats which produce the civet, lions, peacocks in great multitudes, falcons, goss-hawks, white parrots, and also other kinds which are of seven very beautiful colours. Here there are hares and partridges, but not like ours. There is also here another kind, of bird, a bird of prey, much larger than an eagle, of the beak of which, that is, of the upper part, they make sword-hilts, which beak is yellow and red, a thing very beautiful to behold.The colour of the said bird is black, red, and some feathers are white. There are produced here hens and cocks, the largest I ever saw, so much that one of these hens is larger than three of ours.
With respect to the manner of living in this city, the pagans eat all kinds of flesh except that of oxen, and they eat on the ground,without a cloth, in some very beautiful vessels of wood. Their drink is water, sweetened where possible. They sleep high from the ground, in good beds of cotton, and covered with silk or
cotton.Some merchants wear very beautiful shirts of silk or cotton. In general they do not wear anything on their feet. They wear their ears full of jewels, and none on their fingers. The colour of the said race is semi-white because the air here is cooler than it is in Calicut.
Their writing is on paper like ours, not on the leaves of a tree like that of Culicut. They go to a governor of the city, who administers justice for them summarily. These people make use of very large ships and of various kinds,some of which are flat bottomed, because such can enter into places where there is not much water. Another kind are made with prows before and behind, and they carry two helms and two masts and are uncovered."From Tenassrim Varthema went to Bengal which he says, "Is distant from Tarnasseri seven hundred miles, at which we arrived in eleven days by sea." Here
he met with some Christians who were subjects of the great Khan of Cathay. They told him that in Pegu he and his companion would find a good market for some coral that the latter had , and also that he would be able to buy rubies which fetched very good prices in Turkey. On this advice, he says,
"We embarked together with the Christians and some Persian merchants, and went towards a city which is called Pego, distant from Banghella about a thousand miles; on which voyage we passed a gulf towards the south, and so arrived at the city of Pego.
Old Burma by U Myo Min Hanthawaddy Publication
. 1947, Page 15, 16, 17
Credit ~ တနသာၤရီ
ဝန္ခံခ်က္။ ။ ဘာသာျပန္ရာတြင္ ေဒါက္တာ ခင္ေမာင္ညြန္႕၏ ခရီးသြားစာေပ စာအုပ္ထဲမွ တခ်ိဳ႕ကုိမွီျငမ္းထားပါသည္။ ၊ ၎ဘာသာျပန္မႈတြင္ လိုအပ္ေနပါက Tanantharyi Page ဝိုင္းေတာ္သားမ်ား၏အားနည္းခ်က္သာျဖစ္ေၾကာင္းႏွင့္ tanintharyi2012@gmail.com ေမးသို႔စာပုိ႔ၿပီး ထပ္ဆင္႕ ျဖည့္စြက္ အႀကံေပးႏိုင္ပါသည္။
ေအာက္တြင္ အဂၤလိပ္ မူရင္းအတိုင္းေဖၚျပထားပါသည္။
Old Burma
TENASSERIM AND PEGU
Tenasserim seems to have grown in importance during the 15th century as a sea port of south-east Burma, as it is mentioned by a Muslim contemporary of di Conti, as well as by an Italian writer, who wrote at the beginning of the 16th century that
"this place, though on the coast, is on the mainland. The king is a Gentile, and from there come pepper, cinnamon, cloves, macenutmeg, galanga, camphor that is eaten and camphor that is not eaten... This is indeed the first mart of spices in India.
Another Italian visitor, a native of Bologna called Ludovico di Varthema, also makes special mention of Tenasserim. He seems to have been in Burma round about 1505-1506. He heard of Tenasserim while still in India. At "Coromandel", a port in southern India, he found the people "at war with the King of
Tanasserim." When he got to Pulicat (in southern India), he found "an immense traffice in merchandise, and especially in jewels, for they come here from Zailon (Ceylon) and from Pego (Pegu)"
He went to "the city of Tarnassary" which was "distant a thousand miles from Pulicat." He arrived at Tenasserim after fourteen days, at sea, and this is what he says of the city:
"The city of Tarnassari is situated near to the sea: it is a level place and well watered, and has a good port, that is, a river on the side towards the north.
The king of the city is a pagan, and is a very powerful lord. He is constantly fighting with the king of Narsingha (the southern Indian kingdom of Vizianagar, of Banghella (Bengal;. He has a hundred armed elephants, which are larger then any I ever saw. He always maintains 100,000 men for war, part infantry and part cavalry. Their arms consist of small swords and some sort of shields, some of which are made of tortoiseshell. They have a great quantity of bows, and lances of cane, and some also of wood. When they go to war they wear a dress stuffed very full of cotton.
The houses of the city are well surrounded by walls.Good grain and cotton also grow there. Silk is also made there in large quantities. A great deal of brazil-wood is found there, fruits in great abundance. And here are seen very beautiful gardens, with many delicate things in them.
In this country of Tarnassari there are oxen, cows, sheep, and goats in great quantities, wild hogs, stags, roebucks, wolves, cats which produce the civet, lions, peacocks in great multitudes, falcons, goss-hawks, white parrots, and also other kinds which are of seven very beautiful colours. Here there are hares and partridges, but not like ours. There is also here another kind, of bird, a bird of prey, much larger than an eagle, of the beak of which, that is, of the upper part, they make sword-hilts, which beak is yellow and red, a thing very beautiful to behold.The colour of the said bird is black, red, and some feathers are white. There are produced here hens and cocks, the largest I ever saw, so much that one of these hens is larger than three of ours.
With respect to the manner of living in this city, the pagans eat all kinds of flesh except that of oxen, and they eat on the ground,without a cloth, in some very beautiful vessels of wood. Their drink is water, sweetened where possible. They sleep high from the ground, in good beds of cotton, and covered with silk or
cotton.Some merchants wear very beautiful shirts of silk or cotton. In general they do not wear anything on their feet. They wear their ears full of jewels, and none on their fingers. The colour of the said race is semi-white because the air here is cooler than it is in Calicut.
Their writing is on paper like ours, not on the leaves of a tree like that of Culicut. They go to a governor of the city, who administers justice for them summarily. These people make use of very large ships and of various kinds,some of which are flat bottomed, because such can enter into places where there is not much water. Another kind are made with prows before and behind, and they carry two helms and two masts and are uncovered."From Tenassrim Varthema went to Bengal which he says, "Is distant from Tarnasseri seven hundred miles, at which we arrived in eleven days by sea." Here
he met with some Christians who were subjects of the great Khan of Cathay. They told him that in Pegu he and his companion would find a good market for some coral that the latter had , and also that he would be able to buy rubies which fetched very good prices in Turkey. On this advice, he says,
"We embarked together with the Christians and some Persian merchants, and went towards a city which is called Pego, distant from Banghella about a thousand miles; on which voyage we passed a gulf towards the south, and so arrived at the city of Pego.
Old Burma by U Myo Min Hanthawaddy Publication
. 1947, Page 15, 16, 17
Credit ~ တနသာၤရီ
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